Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali kuyinguquko ekhishini, mihle, ihlala isikhathi eside, kulula ukuyihlanza, futhi ishintsha ngokuqondile umbala nokuzwakala kwekhishi.Ngenxa yalokho, indawo ebonakalayo yekhishi iye yathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi ayisekho mnyama futhi inomswakama, futhi imnyama.
Nokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi zensimbi engagqwali, futhi umehluko phakathi kwazo awumncane.Ngezikhathi ezithile, kuzwakala imibuzo yokuphepha, futhi kuyinkinga ukukhetha.
Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezimbizeni, i-tableware nezinye izitsha ezithwala ukudla ngokuqondile, izinto ziba bucayi kakhulu.Indlela yokuhlukanisa kubo?
Iyini insimbi engagqwali?
Isici esikhethekile sensimbi engagqwali sinqunywa izakhi ezimbili, okuyi-chromium ne-nickel.Ngaphandle kwe-chromium, akuyona insimbi engagqwali, futhi inani le-nickel linquma inani lensimbi engagqwali.
Insimbi engagqwali ingagcina icwebezela emoyeni futhi ayigqwali ngoba iqukethe inani elithile lezakhi zengxube ye-chromium (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10.5%), engenza ifilimu ye-oxide eqinile ebusweni bensimbi engancibiliki emithonjeni ethile yezindaba.
Ngemva kokwengeza i-nickel, ukusebenza kwensimbi engagqwali kuyathuthukiswa, futhi inokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali emoyeni, emanzini nasesitiyeni, futhi inokuqina okwanele ezixazululweni eziningi ezinamanzi zama-asidi, ama-alkali nosawoti, ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi, isengakwazi ukugcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo.
Ngokusho kwe-microstructure, insimbi engagqwali ihlukaniswe izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic, austenitic, ferritic kanye ne-duplex.I-Austenite ine-plasticity enhle, amandla aphansi, ukuqina okuthile, ukucubungula nokubunjwa okulula, futhi ayinazo izici ze-ferromagnetic.
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic yaphuma eJalimane ngo-1913, futhi ibilokhu idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ensimbi engagqwali.Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kubalelwa ku-70% wesamba sokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali.Kukhona futhi amamaki ensimbi amaningi, ngakho-ke iningi lezinsimbi ezingenasici ozibona nsuku zonke ziyi-austenitic stainless steels.
Insimbi eyaziwayo engu-304 iyinsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic.Izinga likazwelonke laseShayina langaphambilini ngu-0Cr19Ni9 (0Cr18Ni9), okusho ukuthi liqukethe u-19% we-Cr (chromium) no-9% we-Nickel).0 isho okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni <=0.07%.
Inzuzo yokumelelwa kwezinga lezwe laseShayina ukuthi izakhi eziqukethwe ensimbi engagqwali zicacile lapho uthi nhlá.Ngokuqondene no-304, 301, 202, njll., lawo ngamagama ase-United States naseJapane, kodwa manje wonke umuntu usejwayele leli gama.
Uphawu lokuthengisa olunelungelo lobunikazi i-Cromargan 18-10 ye-WMF pan insimbi engagqwali
Sivame ukubona izitsha zasekhishini eziphawulwe ngamagama 18-10 kanye no-18-8.Lolu hlobo lwendlela yokumaka lubonisa ingxenye ye-chromium ne-nickel ensimbi engagqwali.Ingxenye ye-nickel iphakeme futhi imvelo izinzile.
I-18-8 (i-nickel engekho ngaphansi kwe-8) ihambisana nensimbi engu-304.I-18-10 (i-nickel engekho ngaphansi kwe-10) ihambisana nensimbi engu-316 (0Cr17Ni12Mo2), okubizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali yezokwelapha.
I-304 steel ayiyona into ewubukhazikhazi, kodwa ayishibhile nakancane
Umbono wokuthi i-austenitic 304 insimbi engagqwali isezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu kungenxa ka-Xiaomi, opakishe izidingo ezivamile zansuku zonke amashumi eminyaka emikhiqizweni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Ekhishini imvelo yansuku zonke, ukumelana nokugqwala nokuphepha kwe-304 kwanele ngokuphelele.I-316 ethuthuke kakhulu (0Cr17Ni12Mo2) isetshenziswa kumakhemikhali, ezokwelapha nakweminye imikhakha, enezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okwengeziwe.
Insimbi ye-Austenitic 304 inamandla aphansi futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezitsheni zasekhishini, kuyilapho imimese isebenzisa izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic eziqinile (420, 440), ezinokumelana nokugqwala okuncane.
Esikhathini esedlule, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungase kubangele izinkinga, ikakhulukazi 201, 202 kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezingenasici ezine-manganese.I-201 kanye ne-202 insimbi engagqwali yimikhiqizo ephansi kunazo zonke ensimbi engagqwali, futhi i-201 ne-202 ithuthukiswa ukuze ithathe indawo ye-304 yensimbi engagqwali.Isizathu siwukuthi uma iqhathaniswa ne-nickel, i-manganese ishibhe kakhulu.Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Cr-nickel-manganese austenitic ezifana no-201 no-202 cishe ziyingxenye yentengo ye-304 steel.
Yiqiniso, insimbi engu-304 ngokwayo ayibizi njengoba injalo, cishe ama-yuan angu-6 noma angu-7 ikati ngalinye, nensimbi engu-316 kanye no-11 yuan ikati ngalinye.Yebo, intengo yezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuvamile ayiyona into ebalulekile enanini lokugcina lomkhiqizo.Izitsha zensimbi engagqwali ezingenisiwe zibiza kakhulu, hhayi zonke ngenxa yezinto ezinhle.
Intengo yeyunithi ngethani ngalinye le-steelmaking iron cast ingu-1/25 kuphela waleyo ye-chromium kanye no-1/50 waleyo ye-nickel.Phakathi kwezindleko ngaphandle kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa, izindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe zensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ngokusobala ziphakeme kakhulu kunalezo ze-martensite nensimbi ngaphandle kwe-nickel.Insimbi engagqwali eqinile.Insimbi engu-304 ijwayelekile kodwa ayishibhile, okungenani ngokwenani lensimbi eluhlaza.
Ngokwezindinganiso zamanje zikazwelonke, awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi imodeli engasetshenziswa ekhishini
Izinga elidala likazwelonke i-GB9684-1988 libeka ukuthi insimbi engagqwali yezinga lokudla ihlukaniswe ibe iziqukathi kanye ne-tableware., insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic (0Cr13, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13) kufanele isetshenziswe."
Kalula nje, bheka imodeli yensimbi futhi uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingasetshenziswa ekucubunguleni ukudla, iziqukathi, ukusika.Ngokusobala, izinga likazwelonke ngaleso sikhathi lalikhomba ngokuqondile insimbi engu-304 njengensimbi engagqwali yezinga lokudla.
Kodwa-ke, izinga likazwelonke eliphinde lakhishwa kamuva - I-National Food Safety Standard for Stainless Steel Products GB 9684-2011 ayisawafaki amamodeli, futhi abantu ngeke besakwazi ukwahlulela ngokuqondile ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokudla kusukela kumodeli.Ivele yathi ngokujwayelekile:
“Iziqukathi ze-Tableware, amathuluzi okukhiqiza ukudla namathuluzi okusebenza, kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko zezinto zokusebenza kufanele zenziwe ngezinto zensimbi engagqwali ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke ezifanele, njengensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, i-austenitic ferritic stainless steel, nensimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic;i-tableware kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ukudla i-Martensitic insimbi engagqwali nayo ingasetshenziselwa umzimba omkhulu wezinto zokusebenza, njengokumba amathuluzi okugaya.”
Esilinganisweni esisha kazwelonke, imvula yezingxenye zensimbi isetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi izinga liyafinyelelwa yini ezibonisini ezibonakalayo nezamakhemikhali.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubantu abavamile, kunzima ngempela ukuhlukanisa ukuthi iyini insimbi engagqwali yezinga lokudla, njengokungathi kukhona okungenziwa, inqobo nje uma kungenayo inkinga.
Angikwazi ukusho, kufanele ngikhethe kanjani?
Ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwensimbi engagqwali i-manganese.Uma ukuthathwa kwezinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-manganese kweqa izinga elithile, kuzoba nomonakalo othile ohlelweni lwezinzwa, njengokulahlekelwa inkumbulo nokuntuleka kwamandla.
Ngakho-ke ingabe izobangela ubuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali efana no-201 no-202?Impendulo ayicacile.
Esokuqala ukuntuleka kobufakazi bamacala empilweni yangempela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngombono, ayikho imiphumela eqinisekisayo.
Kunomugqa wakudala kulezi zingxoxo: ukukhuluma ngobuthi ngaphandle kwethamo kuwubuxhwanguxhwangu.
Njengezinye izakhi eziningi, umuntu akanakuhlukaniswa ne-manganese, kodwa uma imunca kakhulu, izodala izingozi.Kubantu abadala, "inani elanele" le-manganese liyi-2-3 mg ngosuku e-United States kanye ne-3.5 mg e-China.Ngomkhawulo ongaphezulu, izindinganiso ezibekwe yi-China ne-United States cishe zi-10 mg ngosuku.Ngokwemibiko yezindaba, inani le-manganese lezakhamuzi zaseShayina lilinganiselwa ku-6.8 mg ngosuku, futhi kubikwa ukuthi i-manganese etholakala ku-tableware yensimbi engu-201 ayinalutho futhi ngeke iguqule inani labantu abadla imanganese.
Itholakala kanjani le mithamo evamile, ingabe izoshintsha esikhathini esizayo, futhi ukudliwa kanye nemvula okunikezwa yimibiko yezindaba kuzoba nokungabaza.Indlela yokwenza isinqumo ngalesi sikhathi?
Ukuvala phansi kwebhodwe lesobho le-Fissler 20cm, impahla: 18-10 insimbi engagqwali
Sikholelwa ukuthi kuwumkhuba omuhle ukucabangela izici zempilo yomuntu siqu, ukuvimbela umphumela we-superposition wezici eziyingozi, futhi sizame ukuphishekela izidingo zekhishi eziphephile nezisezingeni eliphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo.
Ngakho-ke uma ungakhetha u-304 no-316, kungani ukhetha okunye?
I-Zwillan TWIN Classic II Imbiza Yokupheka Ejulile engu-20cm Engezansi Eseduze
Ungazibona kanjani lezi zinsimbi ezingenasici?
Imikhiqizo yakudala yaseJalimane efana no-Fissler, i-WMF kanye ne-Zwilling ivamise ukusebenzisa u-316 (18-10), futhi imikhiqizo ephezulu ayinambangi impela.
AmaJapane asebenzisa i-304, futhi ngokuvamile asho izithako zawo ngokuqondile.
Ngemikhiqizo imithombo yayo engathembeki kakhulu, indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukuyithumela elabhorethri, kodwa abathengi abaningi abanaso lesi simo.Abanye abasebenzisi benethiwekhi bacabanga ukuthi ukusebenzisa omagnethi ukuthola izici kazibuthe kuyindlela, nokuthi insimbi ye-austenitic 304 ayiwona uzibuthe, kuyilapho i-ferrite Umzimba nensimbi ye-martensitic zikazibuthe, kodwa empeleni i-austenitic 304 steel ayiyona i-non-magnetic, kodwa ikazibuthe kancane.
Insimbi ye-Austenitic izokwengeza inani elincane le-martensite ngesikhathi sokusebenza okubandayo, futhi inezici ezithile zikazibuthe endaweni eqinile, indawo egobayo nendawo esikiweyo, kanye nensimbi engagqwali engu-201 nayo inozibuthe kancane, ngakho ayithembekile ukusebenzisa omazibuthe.
I-potion yensimbi engagqwali iyinketho.Eqinisweni, kuwukuthola okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ne-molybdenum ensimbi engagqwali.Izinto zamakhemikhali ezisebhodweni zisabela nge-nickel ne-molybdenum kunsimbi engagqwali ukuze zakhe inkimbinkimbi yombala othile, ukuze kwaziwe i-nickel engaphakathi ne-molybdenum yensimbi engagqwali.okuqukethwe okulinganiselwe.
Isibonelo, i-304 potion, lapho i-nickel esensimbi engagqwali ehloliwe ingaphezu kuka-8%, izobonisa umbala, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwe-nickel yensimbi engagqwali engu-316, 310 nezinye izinto nakho kungaphezu kuka-8%, ngakho-ke uma i-304 i-potion isetshenziselwa ukuthola u-310, 316 Insimbi engagqwali nayo izoveza umbala, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuhlukanisa phakathi kuka-304, 310, no-316, kufanele usebenzise ingxube ehambisanayo.Ukwengeza, i-stainless steel kusayithi yokwelapha ingathola kuphela okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ne-molybdenum kunsimbi engagqwali, kodwa ayikwazi ukubona insimbi engagqwali.Okuqukethwe kwezinye izingxenye zamakhemikhali kunsimbi engagqwali, njenge-chromium, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukwazi idatha enembile yengxenye ngayinye yamakhemikhali ensimbi engagqwali, kufanele uyithumele ekuhlolweni okuchwepheshile.
Ekugcineni, ukukhetha uhlobo oluthembekile kuyindlela yokuphuma lapho izimo Permit0
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-08-2022