Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kulo nyaka, kube nezingxabano ezinodlame emazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu, futhi amabhizinisi asekhaya abhekane nezinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingakaze zibonwe zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomthelela ohlangene wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eziphindaphindiwe.Izinguquko eziningi zenzekile ku-supply chain kanye nesidingo, futhi ezinye izinkampani zasekhaya ziye zabhekana nezingozi ezinkulu nokulahlekelwa ebhizinisini labo emazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu.Ngokuhambisana nokuqubuka okuphindaphindiwe kobhubhane olusha lomqhele ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, izisebenzi eziningi zebhizinisi azikwazi ukwenza ukuhwebelana okujwayelekile kwasekhaya nezangaphandle, ukuhanjiswa kwamazwe omhlaba kanye nokulethwa obala kanye nezinye izindleko zebhizinisi ziyanda futhi ukubambezeleka kwezokuthutha, futhi abathengisi baphesheya abakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi. njengokuhlolwa kwamafekthri, ukuhlolwa, namasampula, njll., amabhizinisi ahlangabezane nezithiyo eziningi kanye nobunzima ekuthuthukiseni imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Njengoba isimo samazwe ngamazwe esilethwa ukungqubuzana kwe-Russian-Ukraine siya ngokuba nzima, kungase kube namathuba ebhizinisi ezinkampani zasekhaya.
1. Izinguquko esimweni sokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe
1. Kusukela kungqubuzana phakathi kwamazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu, amanye amakhasimende ase-Asia Emaphakathi ne-Europe ayethenge izimpahla ngaphambilini e-Russia, e-Ukraine nakwezinye izindawo aseqalile ukuphendukela e-China nakwamanye amazwe ukuze athole imithombo yezimpahla.Isibonelo, amakhasimende aseYurophu namanye athenge umanyolo ne-chassis yezimoto eRussia manje aseqalile ukubheka abahlinzeki baseShayina.
2. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yokuthi iRussia, iBelarus namanye amazwe angaphansi kwezinhlawulo eziphelele zezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe nezohwebo zamazwe aseNtshonalanga, amanye amaketanga okuhlinzeka ngempahla eRussia, Belarus nakwamanye amazwe aphazamisekile, futhi imithombo emisha yokuthenga iyadingeka ngokushesha, futhi lezi zidingo zizonikezwa amabhizinisi asekhaya.Letha amanye amathuba ebhizinisi amasha.Isibonelo, inani elikhulu lezimoto eRussia yi-BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Peugeot, njll eyenziwe eYurophu, futhi ukunikezwa kwezesekeli zalezi zimoto kuthinteka okwamanje.
3. Isamba sohwebo lwangaphandle lwaseRussia ngo-2020 lwalungamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-571.9, lwehle ngo-15.2% kusukela ngo-2019, lapho inani lokuthekelisa lalingu-$338.2 wezigidigidi, lehle ngo-20.7% unyaka nonyaka;inani lokungenisa lalingu-US$233.7 billion, lehle ngo-5.7% unyaka nonyaka.Imikhiqizo yemishini kanye nekagesi, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, izinto zokuhamba kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezintathu zezimpahla ziyimikhiqizo ethunyelwa kakhulu eRussia, ibalwa cishe ngama-56% wesamba esiphelele saseRussia.IJalimane, i-United States, iPoland, neJapan amazwe aphambili athumela imikhiqizo eRussia.Ikakhulukazi, izinkampani zaseJalimane ziyizimbangi ezinkulu zezinkampani zaseShayina ekuthumeleni impahla yemishini nekagesi, imikhiqizo yezimboni elula, amapulasitiki nenjoloba, amawashi okubona kanye nemishini yezokwelapha eRussia.
Ngemuva kwengxabano yeRussia-Ukraine, nezijeziso kanye nokuvinjwa kweRussia ngamazwe aseNtshonalanga, inqwaba yezinkampani zaseNtshonalanga zihoxile eRussia.Njengamanje, i-India, iTurkey, iVietnam kanye namanye amazwe alungiselela ngenkuthalo futhi ayasheshisa ukwenza ukuhoxa kwezinkampani zaseNtshonalanga emakethe yaseRussia.isikhala.
4. Impahla ebaluleke kakhulu iRussia engenisa kwamanye amazwe yimikhiqizo yemishini nekagesi.Ngo-2018, iRussia yangenisa imikhiqizo yemishini nekagesi engama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-73.42, lapho imikhiqizo yemishini nekagesi eyayingeniswa ivela e-China yayingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26.45, okubalelwa ku-50.7% wesamba sokungeniswa kweRussia esivela eChina, sibala ukungeniswa kweRussia kwemishini kagesi nekagesi. .I-36% yenani eliphelele, ngakho-ke isabelo semakethe singabikezelwa, imikhiqizo yezwe lami nekagesi ethunyelwa emakethe yaseRussia isenegumbi elikhulu lokukhula.
2021-2022 I-Russia yokungenisa Idatha Ukuhlaziywa Kwezisetshenziswa Ze-Electromechanical
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2021 kuya kuJanuwari 2022, onyakeni odlule, ngaphansi kwekhodi engu-84, iRussia yangenisa imikhiqizo ehlobene evela emazweni nezifunda eziyi-148.Phakathi kwazo, i-China iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke eRussia elivela kwamanye amazwe.
Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China kwemikhiqizo yemishini nekagesi eRussia kuzoba ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-268.45, okuwukunyuka ngama-32.5%, okuzoba ngama-61.5% yenani eliphelele lezimpahla zaseChina ezithunyelwa eRussia ngalowo nyaka, okuwukunyuka ngamaphesenti angama-3.6 ngonyaka odlule. .Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwemishini evamile nemishini, izingxenye zezimoto nezimoto kwakhula ngokushesha, kwanda ngo-82%, 37.8% no-165% ngokulandelana.
5. Impahla enkulu elandelayo ethunyelwa yiRussia yimikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.Ngo-2018, iRussia yangenisa imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-29.81 zamadola aseMelika.
2021-2022 Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha Yemikhiqizo Yamakhemikhali YaseRussia
Kusukela ngo-2021.1 kuya ku-2022.1, ngonyaka odlule, ngaphansi kwekhodi engu-29, iRussia yangenisa imikhiqizo ehlobene evela emazweni angu-89 nasezifundeni.Phakathi kwazo, i-China iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke eRussia elivela kwamanye amazwe
6. Impahla yesithathu engeniswe yiRussia yimishini yezokuthutha.Ngo-2018, iRussia yangenisa izinto zokuhamba ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25.63 zamadola aseMelika.Ekuthengisweni kwempahla yokuthutha yaseRussia, imikhiqizo evela eShayina ibalelwa ku-8.6%, eyayiphezulu kune-Japan neJalimane ngamaphesenti angu-7.8 kanye namaphesenti angu-6.6.
2021-2022 Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha Yezisetshenziswa Zokuthutha ZaseRussia
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2021 kuya kuJanuwari 2022, onyakeni odlule, ngaphansi kwekhodi engu-89, iRussia yangenisa imikhiqizo ehlobene evela emazweni nezifunda eziyi-148.Phakathi kwazo, iNorway iyizwe elikhulu kunazo zonke laseRussia elingenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe.
7. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2021, ukungeniswa kweRussia kwezinsimbi nemikhiqizo eyisisekelo, izindwangu nezinto zokusetshenziswa, ifenisha, amathoyizi, imikhiqizo exubile, amapulasitiki, irabha, izicathulo, izambulela neminye imikhiqizo yezimboni elula, amawashi optical kanye nemishini yezokwelapha nezinye izinto ezinkulu. ethengwa eChina izophinde ibe namasheya abalulekile emakethe, okubalelwa ku-23.8%, 34.7%, 47.9%, 17.2%, 53.9% kanye no-17.3% wesamba sempahla efanayo ethengwa eRussia.Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China kwemikhiqizo edinga abasebenzi abaningi njengezingubo, izicathulo nezinto zasendlini eRussia kuzofinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-85.77, okuwukunyuka ngo-2.5%, okubalelwa ku-19.7% wesamba esithengisiwe saseChina.
2020-2021 Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha Yezimpahla Zezingane Zase-China
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2020 kuya ku-Okthoba 2021, ngonyaka odlule, ngaphansi kwekhodi ye-6111, amazwe angu-10 aphezulu ohlwini lokuthekelisa kwezingubo zezingane yilawa: i-United States, Japan, Australia, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Germany, i-United Arab Emirates, i-Hong Kong, i-China, njll. Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zezingane kwamanye amazwe kunengqikithi yezimpahla eziyi-6,573 ezithunyelwa emazweni nezifunda eziyi-178 emhlabeni jikelele.
2020-2021 Abangenisi Bezimpahla Zezingane BaseRussia Abaphezulu Abayi-10
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2020 kuya ku-Okthoba 2021, ingqikithi yezinkampani ezingu-389 eRussia zazibandakanya ukungeniswa kwezingubo zezingane (HS6111).Ishadi elingenhla liwuhlu lwabangenisi abangu-TOP 10.Inani lokungenisa lilinganiselwa ku-670,000 US dollar.(Idatha engenhla yidatha yesimemezelo esisemthethweni kuphela).
2020-2021 Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yokuthunyelwa kwezicathulo zaseChina
2020-2021 Ukuhlaziywa kwamazwe ayi-10 aphezulu athumela ngaphandle Kusukela ngo-2020.10-2021.10, onyakeni odlule, ngaphansi kwamakhodi angama-64, amazwe ayi-10 aphezulu athumela ngaphandle izicathulo yilawa: i-United States, Japan, South Korea, Australia, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Vietnam, Hong Kong, China, njll.
2020-2021 Abathekelisi Abaphezulu Abayi-10 baseRussia Bemikhiqizo Yezicathulo
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2020 kuya ku-Okthoba 2021, ingqikithi yezinkampani ezingu-2,000 eRussia bezibambe iqhaza ekuthengisweni kwezicathulo (HS64).Ishadi elingenhla liwuhlu lwabangenisi abangu-TOP 10.I-TOP 1 ithi ООО МЕРКУРИ МОДА, inani lokungenisa lingaba ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4, kanti i-TOP 10 ithi TEMA ООО ГЕОКС РУС, inani lokungenisa lingaba ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-407.(Idatha engenhla yidatha yesimemezelo esisemthethweni kuphela).
2020-2021 Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha Yezingxenye Zezimoto zase-China
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2020 kuya ku-Okthoba 2021, onyakeni odlule, ngaphansi kwekhodi engu-8708, isamba sezimpahla eziyi-114,864 sathunyelwa emazweni angama-217 nasezifundeni emhlabeni jikelele.
Amazwe ayi-10 aphezulu ohlwini lokuthekelisa lezinsiza yilawa: i-United States, Japan, Australia, Germany, South Korea, Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Russia, njll.
2020-2021 Abathekelisi Abaphezulu Abayi-10 baseRussia Bemikhiqizo Yezicathulo
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2020 kuya ku-Okthoba 2021, kunamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-2,000 eRussia ahlanganyela ekungenisweni kwezingxenye zezimoto (HS8708).Ishadi elingenhla liwuhlu lwabathekelisi abangu-TOP10.Cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-289.(Idatha engenhla yidatha yesimemezelo esisemthethweni kuphela).
2020-2021 Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha Yokungenisa Umkhiqizo Wensimbi YaseRussia
Kusukela ngo-2021.1 kuya ku-2022.1, onyakeni odlule, ngaphansi kwekhodi engu-72, iRussia ingenise imikhiqizo ehlobene evela emazweni nezifunda ezingama-70, okuyizwe lase-China elikhulu kunawo wonke elivela eRussia.
8. Imboni kawoyela negesi yemvelo, ewumthombo obalulekile womnotho waseRussia, nayo ivunyelwe amazwe aseNtshonalanga.I-Russia izokwandisa nakanjani ukuthunyelwa kukawoyela negesi yemvelo emazweni asafufusa esinyathelweni esilandelayo, futhi izosheshisa ukwakhiwa kokunye ukuhlola uwoyela negesi, ukucubungula, ezokuthutha nezinye izinsiza.Imishini nobuchwepheshe sekuvuthiwe, futhi amabhizinisi asekhaya angakhuphula imizamo yawo yokukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwemishini nobuchwepheshe obufana nokukhishwa kukawoyela negesi, ukucwengwa, ukucutshungulwa, ukuthuthwa kanye namapayipi.
9. Imikhiqizo yemithi nemishini yezokwelapha nayo inamandla amakhulu emakethe eRussia naseBelarus.Ngaphambi kwengxabano, iRussia yangenisa inani elikhulu lemithi nemishini yezokwelapha evela eNtshonalanga, kanti iRussia ne-Ukraine nayo yathumela imithi e-Asia Ephakathi, eMpumalanga Yurophu nakwamanye amazwe.Ngemuva kwezinswinyo zaseNtshonalanga, iRussia yakhulula okwesikhashana ukuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo yemithi yaseNtshonalanga neminye imikhiqizo, futhi yenza lula izimfuneko zokupakishwa nezitifiketi zemithi engenisiwe kanye nemikhiqizo yensiza yezokwelapha.Imakethe inikeza amathuba angcono ebhizinisi.
2. Iziphakamiso zamabhizinisi ukuthuthukisa izimakethe e-Russia, Central Asia naseMpumalanga Yurophu:
1. Ethintwe izinguquko zesimo samazwe ngamazwe, amabhizinisi asekhaya adinga ukwenza kahle kusenesikhathi ukuhlela intuthuko, iqoqo lamathalente, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuthutha nezohwebo, nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yokumaketha ezimakethe zaseRussia, e-Asia Emaphakathi, naseMpumalanga Yurophu.2. Kufanele sibambe iqhaza ngamandla emibukisweni nasemisebenzini yebhizinisi eRussia, e-Asia Ephakathi nakwamanye amazwe, siqinise ngamandla ukuxhumana namakhasimende aseRussia, Central Asia, naseMpumalanga Yurophu, senze ukuhwebelana okujwayelekile kwebhizinisi, sakhe futhi sidlule ngamandla izindawo zokugcina izimpahla nemibukiso yaphesheya kwezilwandle. ezifundeni ezingenhla.Amashaneli nezinsiza ezifana nezinkomfa, amahholo emibukiso kanye nezinhlelo zokuthutha kanye nokusabalalisa kuzothuthukisa izimakethe ezibalwe ngenhla.3. Kwamanye amabhizinisi asekhaya akhiqiza imikhiqizo esetshenziswa kabili, ukuze agweme unswinyo oluhlanganyelwe oluvela e-United States nakwezinye izigaba zakamuva, kufanele azame ukusebenzisa amazwe esithathu njenge-Asia Ephakathi ne-Eastern Europe ukuze enze uhwebo neRussia kanye neBelarus. , futhi ucabangele ukuqhuba ibhizinisi e-Asia Ephakathi, eRussia, naseMpumalanga Yurophu.Ukukhiqizwa, ukucubungula kanye nokuhweba kwemikhiqizo ehlobene.4. Kufanele sikhuthaze ngamandla izimboni ezinenzuzo zasekhaya ukuthi ziye e-Asia Emaphakathi, eRussia, naseMpumalanga Yurophu.Le mikhiqizo ayizona nje izidingo kuphela, kodwa futhi iyimpahla ehlukile iRussia, iBelarus namanye amazwe adinga ukuyithola ngokushesha ngemva kwezingxabano nokujeziswa, okufana: izingxenye zezimoto, imishini nemishini kagesi, imikhiqizo kagesi , imishini yezolimo, imishini yezimayini, imishini yezokwelapha, i-biomedicine, izinto ze-petroleum, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, njll. 5. Ngaphansi kwesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokungqubuzana kwamanje eMpumalanga Yurophu, kuyadingeka kakhulu ukuba amabhizinisi aqinise ukwakhiwa kwesizinda somhlaba se-Belt and Road - ukusatshalaliswa kwempahla, ihabhu lezokuthutha, nokuthengisa. inethiwekhi e-Asia Emaphakathi, futhi izothatha inzuzo yokuqala emqhudelwaneni wezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe esizayo.Ngokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi eRussia nase-Asia Ephakathi, amabhizinisi asekhaya awakwazi nje ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo kwamanye amazwe futhi abambe ngokushesha imakethe enkulu yomhlaba ehlanganisa iYurophu ne-Asia, kodwa futhi angahlanganisa ekwakhiweni kwezixhumanisi ezinhlanu zeBelt and Road Land Silk Road, akhuthaze. kanye nokuzinzisa ukubambisana kwesifunda nesifunda.ukuthuthukiswa komnotho.6. Ngezijeziso zesikhathi eside neziqhubekayo ngokumelene neRussia neBelarus yiNtshonalanga kanye nokwanda kwesabelo semakethe semikhiqizo yaseShayina ezimakethe ezishiwo ngenhla esikhathini esizayo, eRussia, Belarus, ngisho namazwe angaphambili eSoviet Union athintekayo. yiRussia, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yaseShayina kwamanye amazwe, amazinga kanye nezitifiketi zaseShayina, i-RMB Kuzoba namathuba amaningi okuhlala, ukuhwebelana, nokwakhiwa komhlaba, umoya, ezokuthutha kanye nempahla.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwempahla engena ezimakethe zaseRussia nase-Asia Emaphakathi ngehholo lemibukiso le-Uzbek laphesheya kwezilwandle:
1.IRiphabhulikhi yase-Uzbekistan ijabulele ukuzinza kwezepolitiki, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho okusheshayo kanye nokuzinza komphakathi eminyakeni yakamuva.Ubudlelwano be-China-Uzbekistan bunobungani kakhulu, futhi ukubambisana kwamazwe amabili kunethuba elikhulu lentuthuko.2. I-United Iron and Steel International Uzbekistan GOODY Warehouse Overseas Warehouse and Exhibition Centre itholakala eduze kwemakethe enkulu yokungenisa kanye nezitolo ezinkulu ze-Sabra e-Central Asia e-Tashkent, inhloko-dolobha yase-Uzbekistan.Kuyihabhu lokusatshalaliswa kwempahla nokusabalalisa, futhi ihholo lombukiso laphesheya kwezilwandle linokugeleza okuyingqayizivele kokusabalalisa impahla I-Advantage.3. I-Uzbekistan inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 abenza ibhizinisi futhi basebenze eRussia, eMpumalanga Yurophu nakwezinye izindawo unyaka wonke.Osomabhizinisi base-Uzbekistan banesiko elide lokuxhumanisa ezentengiselwano nezohwebo zaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, futhi banamakhono, ulimi, igeography, i-visa kanye nezinye izinzuzo zokuqhuba uhwebo oluwela imingcele.4. I-Uzbekistan iyilungu le-Commonwealth of Independent States futhi ijabulela impatho ethandwa kakhulu enikezwa yi-Europe, United States, Russia kanye namanye amazwe.Izimpahla ezivela e-Uzbekistan zingena emazweni e-Eurasian Economic Union, e-Asia Ephakathi, eYurophu nase-United States nakwamanye amazwe, zijabulela izinzuzo zokwenziwa lula kwezohwebo kanye nokwehliswa kwentela.5. I-Tashkent, inhloko-dolobha yase-Uzbekistan, iyindawo ebalulekile yokuhweba kanye ne-logistics hub e-Asia Ephakathi.Izimpahla zingasatshalaliswa ngokushesha zisuka e-Uzbekistan ziye eRussia, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia nakwezinye izindawo.Ngokudlondlobala kwezijeziso ze-EU ngokumelene neRussia kanye nokuvalwa kwamachweba okuthutha abantu, izitimela zezimpahla zase-China-Europe zingase zithinteke ngokuphelele.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlinzekwa kwezimpahla eRussia, ukuhanjiswa kwemigwaqo nezitimela ezivela e-Asia Ephakathi, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan nakwezinye izifunda kuzodlala indima ebalulekile.6. I-Uzbekistan inothile ngezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nezinsiza zezolimo, kodwa isizinda sayo sezimboni asinamandla.I-Uzbekistan inengqalasizinda enhle kanye nezinsiza zabantu ezingabizi kakhulu.Ukuhambisana kwezomnotho phakathi kweChina ne-Uzbekistan kusobala kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-12-2022