Noma ngabe uyi-SQE noma uyathenga, noma ngabe ungubasi noma unjiniyela, emisebenzini yokuphatha i-supply chain yebhizinisi, uzoya efekthri uyohlolwa noma uthole ukuhlolwa kwabanye.
Ngakho iyini injongo yokuhlolwa kwefekthri?Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwefekthri nendlela yokufeza injongo yokuhlolwa kwefekthri?Yiziphi izicupho ezivamile ezizosidukisa ekwahluleleni kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwefekthri, ukuze sethule abakhiqizi abangahlangabezani nefilosofi yebhizinisi yenkampani kanye nezidingo zokuphatha ohlelweni lwenkampani yokuhlinzeka ngempahla?
2. Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwefekthri nokuthi ifekthri ingahlolwa kanjani ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuhlolwa kwefekthri?
1. Iyini injongo yokuhlolwa kwefekthri?
Omunye wabathengi (amakhasimende) uthemba ukuba nokuqonda okungcono kwabahlinzeki abangaba abahlinzeki ngokuhlolwa kwefekthri, athole ulwazi oluthile mayelana namakhono ebhizinisi, isikali sokukhiqiza, ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi, izinga lobuchwepheshe, ubudlelwano babasebenzi kanye nesibopho emphakathini, njll., futhi uqhathanise lolu lwazi nokwayo Umkhawulo wokungena womphakeli uyalinganiswa futhi uhlolwe ngokuphelele, bese ukukhethwa kuyenziwa ngokwemiphumela yokuhlola.Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwefekthri unikeza isisekelo kubathengi ukwahlulela ukuthi umphakeli angakwazi yini ukubambisana isikhathi eside.
Ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kwesibili kungasiza futhi abathengi (amakhasimende) ukugcina isithunzi esihle nentuthuko esimeme.Kuvame ukubonakala ukuthi eminye imithombo yezindaba yakwamanye amazwe idalula ukusetshenziswa kwezingane, ukugqilazwa ejele noma ukuxhashazwa kanzima wuhlobo oludumile, (njenge-sweatshop yakwa-Apple eVietnam).Ngenxa yalokho, le mikhiqizo ayizange ihlupheke kuphela izinhlawulo ezinkulu, kodwa futhi nemizamo ehlangene evela kubathengi.ukumelana.
Namuhla, ukuhlolwa kwefekthri akuyona nje izidingo zenkampani yokuthenga ngokwayo, kodwa futhi kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho yaseYurophu nase-United States.
Yiqiniso, lezi zincazelo zibhalwe kancane kakhulu.Eqinisweni, inhloso yokuthi iningi lethu liye efemini ilula kulesi sigaba.Okokuqala, sidinga ukubona ukuthi imboni ikhona yini;okwesibili, sidinga ukubona ukuthi isimo sangempela sefekthri sihlobene yini nezinto zokuphromotha kanye nebhizinisi.Abasebenzi basho kahle kakhulu.
2. Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwefekthri nokuthi ifekthri ingahlolwa kanjani ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuhlolwa kwefekthri?
1. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabathengi nabaphakeli
Chaza kusengaphambili isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefekthri, ukwakheka kwezisebenzi, nezinto ezidinga ukubambisana kwefekthri phakathi nenqubo yokuhlola ifektri.
Abanye abantu abavamile badinga ifekthri ukuthi inikeze ulwazi lwabo oluyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwefekthri, njengelayisensi yebhizinisi, ukubhaliswa kwentela, ibhange elivula i-akhawunti, njll., kanti abanye badinga futhi ukugcwalisa umbiko wokucwaninga obhaliwe onemininingwane onikezwe umthengi.
Ngokwesibonelo, ngangisebenza efekthri exhaswa yi-Taiwan, futhi u-Sony weza enkampanini yethu ezohlola imboni.Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwefekthri, bakhiphe umbiko mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemboni yabo.Okuqukethwe kunemininingwane eminingi.Kunamakhulu amaphrojekthi amancane.Ukukhiqizwa kwenkampani, Ukumaketha, ubunjiniyela, ikhwalithi, indawo yokugcina impahla, abasebenzi kanye nezinye izixhumanisi zinezinto zokubuyekeza ezihambisanayo.
2. Umhlangano wokuqala wokuhlolwa kwefekthri
Isingeniso esifushane kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.Hlela izimpelesi futhi uhlele ukuhlolwa kwefekthri.Lona umkhuba ofanayo nowokubuyekezwa kwe-ISO
3. Ukubuyekezwa kohlelo lwemibhalo
Ukuthi uhlelo lwemibhalo yenkampani luphelele yini.Isibonelo, uma inkampani inomnyango wokuthenga, ingabe ikhona idokhumenti ngemisebenzi yokuthenga?Isibonelo, uma inkampani inomklamo kanye nentuthuko, ingabe lukhona uhlelo lwemibhalo yokwenza imibhalo yohlelo lwemisebenzi yokuklama nokuthuthukisa?Uma lingekho ifayela elibalulekile, lishoda kakhulu.
4. Ukubuyekezwa esizeni
Ikakhulukazi ukuya endaweni yesigameko ukuze ubone, njengeshabhu, i-warehouse 5S, izindawo zokuvikela umlilo, ukuhlonza izimpahla eziyingozi, ukuhlonza impahla, ipulani yaphansi nokunye.Isibonelo, ukuthi ifomu lokulungisa umshini ligcwaliswe ngokweqiniso yini.Ingabe ukhona osayinile njll.
5. Izingxoxo zabasebenzi, izingxoxo zokuphatha
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zezingxoxo zabasebenzi kungakhethwa ngokungahleliwe ohlwini lwenkampani, noma kungakhethwa ngokuthanda kwakho, njengokukhetha ngamabomu abasebenzi abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 neyi-18, noma labo abanezinombolo zomsebenzi wabo ezirekhodwa ngabacwaningi bamabhuku ngesikhathi soku- ukuhlolwa kwesiza Umsebenzi.
Okuqukethwe yinhlolokhono ngokuyisisekelo kuhlobene neholo, amahora okusebenza kanye nendawo yokusebenza.Ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo nezithakazelo zabasebenzi, inqubo yenhlolokhono igcinwa iyimfihlo eqinile yifekthri, abasebenzi babaphathi befekthri abavunyelwe ukuba khona, futhi abavunyelwe ukuhlala endaweni eseduze negumbi lenhlolokhono.
Uma namanje ungayiqondi imibuzo ethile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefekthri, ungaxhumana nabaphathi benkampani futhi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi simo.
6. Umhlangano ofingqiwe
Izinzuzo kanye nokungafani okubonwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefekthri kuyafingqwa.Lesi sifinyezo sizoqinisekiswa futhi sisayinwe yimboni ngaso leso sikhathi ngefomu elibhaliwe.Izinto ezingavumelani zidinga ukushintshwa, ukuthi zithuthukiswe nini, ubani ozoziqedela, futhi olunye ulwazi luzothunyelwa kumhloli wefekthri ukuze aqinisekiswe phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.Amathuba okuhlolwa kwefekthri kwesibili nokwesithathu akunqunyelwe.
Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwefekthri yekhasimende ngokuyisisekelo iyafana naleyo yokuhlolwa kwemboni ye-ISO, kodwa kunomehluko.I-ISO yokuhlola ifekthri iwukukhokhisa imali yenkampani, ukusiza inkampani ukuthi ithole amaphutha futhi ithuthukise ukushiyeka kwayo futhi ekugcineni ihlangabezane nezidingo.
Lapho amakhasimende ezohlola ifekthri, ikakhulukazi abheka ukuthi inkampani iyahlangabezana yini nezimfuneko zayo nokuthi ingabe ufanelekile yini ukuba umhlinzeki wayo oqeqeshiwe.Akakukhokhisi izimali, ngakho-ke kuqinile kunokuhlolwa kwe-ISO.
3.Isipiliyoni sokulwa sangempela sifinyezwa kanje:
1. Amadokhumenti aguqubele
Ngokuyisisekelo, awudingi ukubuka amafayela ohlelo amaningi kakhulu.Amafayela ohlelo kulula kakhulu ukuwenza.Ungadlula imboni ye-ISO.Ngokuyisisekelo ayikho inkinga kulokhu.Njengombuyekezi, khumbula ukufunda amadokhumenti amancane namarekhodi engeziwe.Bona ukuthi bayawalandela yini amadokhumenti.
2. Irekhodi elilodwa alinancazelo
Ukubuyekeza ngochungechunge.Isibonelo, uyawubuza umnyango othengayo ukuthi lukhona yini uhlu lwabahlinzeki abaqeqeshiwe?Isibonelo, uma ubuza umnyango wokuhlela uma kunesimiso sokukhiqiza, isibonelo, uma ubuza umnyango webhizinisi uma kukhona ukubuyekezwa kwe-oda?
Isibonelo, uyawubuza umnyango wekhwalithi uma kukhona ukuhlola okuzayo?Uma becelwa ukuthi bathole lezi zinsiza ngazinye, bangakwazi ukukunikeza.Uma bengakwazi ukukunikeza, ifekthri enjalo ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ibuyekezwe.Vele uhambe uye ekhaya uyolala ukuze uthole omunye.
Kufanele yahlulelwe kanjani?Kulula kakhulu.Isibonelo, i-oda lekhasimende likhethwa ngokungahleliwe, umnyango webhizinisi uyadingeka ukuthi unikeze umbiko wokubuyekezwa waleli oda, umnyango wokuhlela uyadingeka ukuthi unikeze ngohlelo lwezidingo ezibonakalayo oluhambisana naleli oda, futhi umnyango othengayo uyadingeka ukuthi uhlinzeke ngokuthenga. i-oda elihambisana nalo myalelo, Cela umnyango othengayo ukuthi unikeze ukuthi abakhiqizi kulawa ma-oda okuthenga basohlwini lwabahlinzeki abaqeqeshiwe, cela umnyango wekhwalithi ukuthi unikeze umbiko wokuhlola ongenayo walezi zinsiza, cela umnyango wobunjiniyela ukuthi unikeze i-SOP ehambisanayo. , futhi ucele umnyango wokukhiqiza ukuthi unikeze umbiko wansuku zonke wokukhiqiza ohambisana nohlelo lokukhiqiza, njll. Linda.
Uma ungakwazi ukuthola izinkinga ngemva kokuhlola yonke indlela, kusho ukuthi imboni enjalo inokwethenjelwa kakhulu.
3. Ukubuyekezwa kwendawo kuyiphuzu eliyisihluthulelo, futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kukhona yini imishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe yokuhlola imishini.
Amadokhumenti angabhalwa kahle ngabantu abambalwa, kodwa akulula kangako ukukopela endaweni yesigameko.Ikakhulukazi ezinye izindawo ezifile.Njengezindlu zangasese, njengezitebhisi, njengemvelaphi yemodeli yemishini nezinto zokusebenza, njll. Ukuhlola okungamenyezelwanga kusebenza kangcono.
4. Izingxoxo zabasebenzi, izingxoxo zokuphatha
Izingxoxo nabaphathi zingathola izimpendulo ezimpendulweni zabo.Ukuxoxisana nabasebenzi kumayelana nokulalela kunokubuza.Umbuyekezi akayidingi inkampani yefekthri ukuthi ikuphelezele.Kusebenza kahle kakhulu ukuya endaweni yokudlela yabasebenzi bese ukhetha indawo ongadla kuyo nabasebenzi futhi uxoxe nje ukhululekile kunokucela usuku.
4. Yiziphi izicupho ezivamile ezizodukisa ukwahlulela kwethu ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwefekthri:
1. Osonhlamvukazi ababhalisiwe.
Abangane abaningi bacabanga ukuthi imali eyengeziwe ebhalisiwe isho ukuthi imboni inamandla.Eqinisweni, akunjalo.Noma ngabe kukhona i-100w noma i-1000w e-China, inkampani enemali ebhalisiwe engu-100w noma i-1000w ingabhaliswa e-China, kodwa kudingekile kuphela ukusebenzisa imali eningi yenkampani ebhaliswe umenzeli.Akadingi ukukhipha u-100w noma u-1000w nhlobo ukuze abhalise.
2. Imiphumela yokubuyekezwa okuvela eceleni, njengokubuyekezwa kwe-ISO, ukubuyekezwa kwe-QS.
Kulula kakhulu ukuthola isitifiketi se-ISO e-China manje, futhi ungasithenga ngemva kokuchitha i-1-2w.Ngakho-ke uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, angikwazi ngempela ukuvumelana naleso sitifiketi esishibhile se-iso.
Nokho, kukhona futhi iqhinga elincane lapha.Uma sikhulu isitifiketi se-ISO semboni, kuba wusizo kakhulu, ngoba abacwaningi mabhuku be-ISO abafuni ukuphihliza izimpawu zabo.Bangakwazi ukuthengisa izitifiketi ze-iso.
Kukhona nezitifiketi zesitifiketi se-ISO zezinkampani zezitifiketi ezidume umhlaba wonke, njenge-CQC yaseChina, iSaibao, neTUV yaseJalimane.
3. Uhlelo oluphelele lwefayela.
Amadokhumenti abhalwe kahle kakhulu futhi ukubulawa kumnandi.Ngisho nefayela nokusebenza kwangempela kuyizinto ezihluke ngokuphelele.Kwamanye amafekthri, ukuze ubhekane nokubuyekezwa, kunabantu abakhethekile abenza amafayela e-ISO, kodwa akekho owaziyo ukuthi laba bantu abahlala ehhovisi futhi babhale amafayela bazi kangakanani ngokusebenza kwangempela kwenkampani.
4. Masiqonde ukuhlukaniswa nezindlela zokuhlolwa kwefekthri kwezinkampani zaseYurophu nezaseMelika:
Ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku kwasefekthri kwezinkampani zaseYurophu nezaseMelika kuvame ukulandela izindinganiso ezithile, futhi izinkampani ngokwazo noma izikhungo zokucwaninga ezigunyaziwe zezinkampani zangaphandle zenza ukucwaninga nokuhlola kubahlinzeki.
Izinkampani ezihlukene zinezindinganiso ezihlukene zocwaningomabhuku zamaphrojekthi ahlukene, ngakho ukuhlola kwefekthri akuyona indlela evamile yokuziphatha, kodwa ububanzi bezindinganiso ezamukelwayo buhlukile ngokwezimo ezihlukene.Njengamabhulokhi e-Lego, kwakhiwa amazinga ahlukene wokuhlolwa kwefekthri.
Lezi zingxenye ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezine: ukucwaninga kwamalungelo abantu, ukucwaninga okulwa nobuphekula, ukucwaninga kwekhwalithi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezemvelo, ezempilo nokuphepha.
Isigaba sokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwamalungelo abantu
Ngokusemthethweni kwaziwa njengokuhlolwa kwesibopho somphakathi, ukuhlolwa kwesibopho emphakathini, ukuhlola kwefekthri yesibopho somphakathi nokunye.Iphinde ihlukaniswe yaba isitifiketi esijwayelekile sebhizinisi somthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi (njenge-SA8000, ICTI, BSCI, WRAP, SMETA certification, njll.) kanye nokuhlola okujwayelekile ohlangothini lwekhasimende (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwemboni ye-COC okufana nalokhu: WAL-MART, DISNEY, Carrefour ukuhlolwa kwefekthri, njll.).
Lokhu "kucwaningwa kwamabhuku embonini" kwenziwa kakhulu ngezindlela ezimbili.
1. Isitifiketi Esijwayelekile Sokuzibophezela Komphakathi
Isitifiketi esijwayelekile somthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi sibhekisela kumsebenzi lapho umthuthukisi wesistimu yenkampani yesibopho somphakathi egunyaza izinhlangano zezinkampani zangaphandle ezingathathi hlangothi ukuthi zibuyekeze ukuthi amabhizinisi afaka isicelo sokudlulisa izinga elithile angakwazi yini ukuhlangabezana namazinga acacisiwe.
Umthengi odinga amabhizinisi aseShayina ukuthi aphumelele isitifiketi esithile esijwayelekile samazwe ngamazwe, isifunda noma imboni "somthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi" futhi athole izitifiketi zokufaneleka njengesisekelo sokuthenga noma sokubeka ama-oda.
Amazinga anjalo ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa i-SA8000, ICTI, EICC, WRAP, BSCI, ICS, SMETA, njll.
2. Ukuhlola okujwayelekile ohlangothini lwekhasimende (Indlela Yokuziphatha)
Ngaphambi kokuthenga imikhiqizo noma ukubeka ama-oda okukhiqiza, izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zibukeza ngokuqondile ukuqaliswa kwesibopho somphakathi wezinkampani, ikakhulukazi izindinganiso zabasebenzi, zamabhizinisi aseShayina ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zesibopho somphakathi ezakhiwe izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi amakhodi okuziphatha ezinkampani.
Ngokuvamile, izinkampani ezinkulu nezimaphakathi zamazwe ngamazwe zinamakhodi azo okuziphatha ezinkampani, njenge-Wal-Mart, Disney, Nike, Carrefour, BROWNSHOE, PAYLESSS HOESOURCE, VIEWPOINT, Macy's namanye amazwe ase-Europe nawaseMelika.Izinkampani zeqembu ezembatho, izicathulo, izidingo zansuku zonke, izimboni nezinye izimboni.Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqinisekiswa kwenkampani yesibili.
Okuqukethwe kuzo zombili izitifiketi kusekelwe ezimisweni zezabasebenzi zamazwe ngamazwe, ezidinga abahlinzeki bempahla ukuthi benze izibopho ezithile ngokwezindinganiso zabasebenzi nezimo zokuphila zabasebenzi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, isitifiketi somuntu wesibili sivele ngaphambili futhi sinokufakwa okukhulu nomthelela, kuyilapho amazinga nokubuyekezwa kwesitifiketi somuntu wesithathu kubanzi kakhulu.
Isigaba sesibili, ukuhlolwa kwemboni yokulwa nobuphekula
Esinye sezinyathelo zokubhekana nemisebenzi yobuphekula eyavela ngemva kwesigameko se-9/11 e-United States ngo-2001. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-C-TPAT kanye ne-GSV eqinisekisiwe.Njengamanje, okwamukelwa kabanzi ngamakhasimende yisitifiketi se-GSV esikhishwe yi-ITS.
1. C-TPAT Anti-Terrorism
I-Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) ihlose ukubambisana nezimboni ezifanele ukusungula uhlelo lokulawula ukuphepha kwe-supply chain ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezinto zokuhamba, ulwazi lokuphepha kanye nezimo zempahla kusukela lapho usuka khona ukuya lapho uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.ukujikeleza, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe ukungena kwamaphekula.
2. GSV anti-terrorism
I-Global Security Verification (GSV) iwuhlelo lwesevisi yebhizinisi oluhamba phambili emhlabeni wonke oluhlinzeka ngokusekela ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamasu okuphepha ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke, okubandakanya ukuphepha kwefekthri, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, ukupakisha, ukulayishwa nokuthunyelwa nokunye.
Umgomo wohlelo lwe-GSV ukubambisana nabahlinzeki bomhlaba nabangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komhlaba wonke, ukusiza wonke amalungu aqinise isiqiniseko sokuphepha nokulawula ubungozi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain, nokunciphisa izindleko.
I-C-TPAT/GSV ifaneleka ngokukhethekile abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki abathumela kwamanye amazwe kuzo zonke izimboni emakethe yase-US, futhi ingangena e-US ngokusebenzisa umzila osheshayo, inciphisa izixhumanisi zokuhlola amasiko;Ukwandisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa kuya endaweni, nciphisa ukulahlekelwa futhi uwine abathengisi abaningi baseMelika.
Isigaba sesithathu, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi
Okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi noma ukuhlola amandla okukhiqiza, kubhekiselwa ekucwaningweni kwefekthri ngokusekelwe kumazinga ekhwalithi yomthengi othile.Amazinga ayo ngokuvamile awawona "amazinga ajwayelekile", ahlukile esitifiketini sohlelo lwe-ISO9001.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwesibopho somphakathi kanye nokucwaninga okulwa nobuphekula, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi akuvamile.Futhi ubunzima bokucwaningwa kwamabhuku buncane kunokuhlolwa kwesibopho somphakathi.Thatha i-Walmart's FCCA njengesibonelo.
Igama eligcwele lokuhlolwa kwefekthri ye-Wal-mart esanda kwethulwa i-FCCA ithi: I-Factory Capability & Capacity Assessment, okuwumphumela wefekthri nokuhlola umthamo.Kubandakanya izici ezilandelayo:
1. Izinsiza Zefekthri kanye Nendawo Ezungezile
2. Ukulinganisa Umshini Nokugcinwa
3. Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ikhwalithi
4. Ukulawulwa Kwezinto Ezingenayo
5. Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Nokukhiqiza
6. Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu Yangaphakathi
7. Ukuhlolwa kokugcina
Isigaba sesine, ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, impilo nokuphepha, isifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi EHS.Njengoba wonke umphakathi unaka kakhulu izindaba zempilo nokuphepha kwemvelo, ukuphathwa kwe-EHS kushintshile kusuka emsebenzini osizayo wokuphatha amabhizinisi kuya engxenyeni ebalulekile yokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamabhizinisi.
Izinkampani njengamanje ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-EHS zifaka: I-General Electric, Universal Pictures, i-Nike, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-07-2022